Posted: Sun 17 May 2009 15:43 Post subject: Medically,what about people of diluted ethnic groups...
There is a lot talk and of a need for Black Americans to become organ donors and blood donors. There is also a way to link you gentically to place of origin in Africa. For people who are racially mixed through generations , I would think one particular genetic origin would be hard or impossible to pinpoint.
Posted: Sun 17 May 2009 18:49 Post subject: Re: Medically,what about people of diluted ethnic groups...
Creole GAL wrote:
I would think one particular genetic origin would be hard or impossible to pinpoint.
Yes, it is impossible.
Fortunately, for transplants it is not necessary. The only part of your genome that is important to transplants is a stretch of chromosome #6 known as the MHC (major histocompatibility complex) or HLA (human leucocyte antigen). Those are the genes that distinguish self from other in order to launch immune-response attacks and destroy anything in the body that is not self. Those are the genes that: the closer the match, the more successful the transplant. The other 29,000-odd genes in your DNA are irrelevant to organ rejection.
African HLA is in demand for transplants because there is so much genetic variation in Africa. It is relatively easier to find a match for non-Africans, since they all descend from a few hundred individuals who left Africa a mere 70,000 years ago. All non-Africans are very similar HLA-wise, comprising a small sub-set of the large variety of HLA found in Africa
But Africans descend from the 10,000-30,000 survivors of the Toba cataclysm, and so vary a lot more among themselves. This makes it harder to find a good transplant match for them. And so, the more African-descended donors you have, the more successfully you can match patients of every origin.
Last edited by fwsweet on Sun 17 May 2009 18:57; edited 1 time in total
Joined: 07 Oct 2007 {Posts: 248 } Location: United States
Posted: Sun 17 May 2009 18:56 Post subject:
Well obvioulsy, there is not one place of origin but many for many americans.
It IS possible to link people to specific haplogroups via mtdna (maternal lineage) or y dna (paternal lineage), but again this is just a small portion of your complete ancestry.
Question: WHY is there a specific need for Black Americans in particular to become organ donors? I mean besides the fact that many aren't doing it, are there any genetic/morphological reasons why blacks need to? I know nothing about the whole doning process. I wasn't aware "race" was significant in blood/organ doning.
edit: didn't see your response Frank. you pretty much answered my questions.
WHY is there a specific need for Black Americans in particular to become organ donors? ... I wasn't aware "race" was significant in blood/organ doning.
I already answered this above. I think our messages crossed in cyberspace.
Musing along these lines, one of the things that worries me about the malaria and AIDS epidemics in Africa today is that Africa is and will always remain the mother lode of our species' genetic diversity. Sooner or later a new Black Death (or worse) will come along. When it does, the only thing that will save our species from extinction is genetic diversity. If the Africans are gone, we all go. People who are apathetic about African epidemics remind me of someone saying, "Oh look, your end of the boat is sinking!"
Posted: Sun 31 May 2009 17:16 Post subject: Mixed-race patients struggle to find marrow donors
Quote:
Mixed-race patients struggle to find marrow donors
By JULIANA BARBASSA, Associated Press Writer Juliana Barbassa, Associated Press Writer
Wed May 27, 3:40 pm ET
HAYWARD, Calif. – If Nick Glasgow were white, he would have a nearly 90 percent chance of finding a matching bone marrow donor who could cure his leukemia.
But because the 28-year-old bodybuilder is one-quarter Japanese, his doctor warned him the outlook was grim. Glasgow's background would make it almost impossible to find a match, which usually comes from a patient's own ethnic group.
The doctor "didn't say it was slim-to-none. He didn't say it would be hard. He said 'zero chance,'" Glasgow's mother, Carole Wiegand, recalled with tears in her eyes. "When Nick heard that, it sent him plummeting."
At a time when the number of multiracial Americans is rising, only a tiny fraction of donors on the national bone-marrow registry are of mixed race. The National Marrow Donor Program is trying to change that by seeking more diverse donors for patients suffering from leukemia, lymphoma and other blood diseases.
"The truth is, when people of different backgrounds marry and produce offspring, it creates more types that are harder to match," said Michelle Setterholm, the program's director of scientific services. "The probability just gets lower when you have people of mixed ancestral DNA."
The number of people who identify themselves as multiracial in the United States has grown from 3.9 million in 2000, the first year the census included the category, to 5.2 million in 2008. Mixed-race people account for 1.6 percent of the U.S. population.
The donor program has been pushing for years to recruit more racial minorities and mixed-race donors. So far, multiracial volunteers make up just 3 percent of the 7 million people on the registry.
That is higher than the percentage of mixed-race people in the U.S. But there are so many possible racial and ethnic combinations that finding a match can still be extremely difficult.
The reason that mixed-heritage patients are so hard to match can be found in the immune system.
Populations in different parts of the world developed certain proteins, or markers, that are part of the body's natural defenses. These markers help the immune system determine which cells are foreign and should be rejected.
A match between two people who share many markers will reduce the risk of the donor and recipient cells attacking each other. Because certain markers tend to cluster in particular ethnic groups, matches are most often found among people of shared backgrounds. Multiracial patients often have uncommon profiles and a much harder time finding a donor.
About 6,000 patients in the U.S. are awaiting a bone marrow match.
Finding compatible organs for transplant is simpler. Organ matches rely essentially on blood type, which is not related to race.
Glasgow's grandfather, an Army soldier from South Carolina, fell in love while stationed in Japan after World War II and married across racial lines at a time when it was illegal to do so in many states.
From his Japanese grandmother, Glasgow got the almond shape of his eyes and cell markers that set him apart from most other whites. From his white grandparents, he got markers that set him apart from other Japanese.
Geary Moya's background — part Navajo, part Mexican — has kept his life on hold since 2005, when he was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chemotherapy has put his cancer in remission, but a bone marrow transplant is his only hope for a cure.
"I can't work. I can't plan. I just don't know what tomorrow will hold for me," said Moya, a 51-year-old former manager of an appliance company.
He often visits bone marrow drives, where he tries to encourage prospective donors to sign up.
"If it's not for me, it'll help someone," he said last week as he stopped by a booth registering potential bone marrow donors at California State University in Hayward. "There's a whole list of people out there waiting for someone to come along."
Moya watched and answered questions as a trickle of students filled out forms with their health history and ethnic makeup before swabbing the inside of their cheeks to collect the genetic material that will be used to match them to waiting patients.
If a match is found, they will undergo a painful procedure in which doctors withdraw liquid marrow from the back of their pelvic bones.
Among those filling out donor forms was Abe Rindal, a retired engineer who heard through friends about Glasgow.
Rindal was born to a Norwegian-American father and Japanese mother who met in Japan after World War II. They started a family before interracial marriage bans were struck down by the Supreme Court in 1967. Rindal remembers meeting only two other people with similar ethnicity.
"It was socially unacceptable back then," he said.
The chance to help someone of similar ethnicity appealed to Rindal. He not only filled out his form and swabbed his cheeks, he also sent test kits to his four siblings and their children in the hope they might be a match for Glasgow.
At the hospital, Wiegand prays for her son. Her niece started a Facebook group that has collected upward of 1,000 members interested in helping. The Asian American Donor Program has been contacting Japanese-American organizations, and large corporations such as Cisco have reached out to their employees via e-mail.
If chemotherapy sends Glasgow's cancer into remission, he might have months to find a match. If not, he might have far less time.
"I just keep thinking, `Please, everyone, get into that database,'" his mother said. "I just know there's a match out there somewhere for him."
This article reminds me too much of old anti-miscegenation propaganda - "Don't marry outside of your "race" or something will be wrong with your children!" This article implies that genetic diversity is something new. There is plenty of genetic diversity among self-identified "whites, "Hispanics," "Asians," "blacks" and "American Indians." Yet, this article implies that it is only the OFFICIALLY "mixed race" who must seek donors of nearly exactly the same racial/ethnic background.
Joined: 07 Mar 2009 {Posts: 15 } Location: NE Florida
Posted: Wed 02 Dec 2009 08:16 Post subject:
Phew! Baby went back to sleep!
I have to agree with Powell. I've seen articles like this before and wondered about donor programs. I also think my OH and I would be tanked if we need a match. I guess we'd have to cross our fingers and go digging in our siblings genes and pray that their dice landed in a similar configuration.
It's only a matter of time before somebody will put a money-making spin on it. I can see an ad saying how wise it is for a bi-racial couple to bank their baby's cord blood so that they can avoid the tragedy of not having a match in situations like these.
'
FAQ
Search
Register
Log in
